The ice bath as we know it today really took off around when marathon runner Paula Radcliffe stated that ice baths played a crucial role in her winning the 10,000-meter event at the European championships in 2002. Since then, cold plunges have become more commonplace amongst athletes and non-athletes alike, from Michael Phelps to the Radio City Rockettes to Madonna. Notable personalities like Wim Hof, known as “The Iceman,” have also helped popularize cold therapy and ice bathing.

Along with more of an in-depth idea of the effects and benefits of cold water on our bodies and minds, ice baths themselves have become more sophisticated and easy to use. Today, you don’t have to seek out an icy lake or bring home endless bags of ice to experience the benefits of ice bathing.

At Plunge, we’ve improved upon the ice bathing experience to bring you time-saving, “plug-and-plunge” convenience so that you can gain the centuries-proven benefits of ice bathing right at home. With our revolutionary Plunge tubs, we are excited to be a part of this modern era of ice bathing.

Are ice baths only for athletes? 

Athletes and non-athletes alike can enjoy the benefits of cold therapy and ice baths, because the effects are not limited to athletic recovery.

Who should not take ice baths?

The cold water of ice baths causes your blood vessels to constrict, which sends more blood to your organs. If you have certain medical conditions, however, this process may put you at risk. Always speak with your doctor before trying ice baths, particularly if you have any of the following conditions:

• Heart disease
• High blood pressure
• Poor circulation
• Diabetes
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Poor circulation
• Venous stasis

It’s also best to avoid ice baths if you have hypertension, heart arrhythmia, Raynaud's syndrome, anorexia, cold urticaria, or cold agglutinin disease.

No matter your health, never enter the water if you’re feeling faint or you’re under the influence of alcohol or drugs. We’ll cover more best practices for ice bathing below.

What do ice baths do?

Ice baths use your body’s physiological responses to cold exposure to promote health benefits. We take a closer look at some of the processes that occur in your body when it’s exposed to cold water in this section, but you can also find more information in our article on how ice tubs work.

• Vasoconstriction: When immersed in cold water, the body's immediate response is to constrict blood vessels in the skin and extremities. This constriction serves two primary purposes. First, it conserves heat by reducing blood flow to areas where heat loss is most significant, namely the skin's surface. Second, it shunts blood away from peripheral tissues, minimizing potential damage from extreme cold.
• Reduction in metabolic rate: Exposure to cold water can lead to a decrease in metabolic rate, primarily by slowing down enzymatic reactions. This reduction may reduce the effects of inflammation and oxidative stress, making it particularly relevant for athletes seeking to recover from strenuous exercise, muscle fatigue, and soreness.
• Analgesic effect: Cold exposure triggers the release of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers. This analgesic effect can provide relief from muscle soreness and discomfort and contribute to pain management.
• Rewarming effects: After you exit your ice bath, your body will warm up again. This involves vasodilation — the opposite of vasoconstriction — in which blood vessels in the skin and extremities expand to allow increased blood flow. This phase is vital for restoring normal circulation and facilitating the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, aiding in recovery.

These effects and others are what lead to the benefits associated with cold therapy and ice baths.

Evidence-based benefits of ice baths

There are many studies supporting the potential benefits of ice baths, cold plunges, and cold showers, with more research and studies surfacing regularly. Some of the most commonly found benefits suggested by these studies include:

The following are just a few of a growing number of studies that have reported on these advantages:

• A 2016 study published in the Journal of Athletic Training found that jiu-jitsu athletes who took ice baths after exercise experienced less muscle soreness, had reduced perception of pain, and recovered more quickly.
• A 2011 study published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology found that cyclists experienced less soreness after soaking in cold water for 10 minutes.
• A 2014 review published in the North American Journal of Medical Scientist found evidence-based effects of cold therapy across multiple body systems, including but not limited to the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems. 
• A 2016 study published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS ONE) found that participants who took a cold shower for 30-90 seconds were less likely to call in sick for work.
• Findings in a 2008 study published by Medical Hypothesis suggested that depression symptoms could be improved after several weeks of hydrotherapy.

It is clear that from both a historical and medical perspective, cold therapy in general — and ice baths in particular — can be a useful part of an overall health and wellness regimen. For a more in-depth look at the potential therapeutic uses of ice baths, see our Guide to Cold Plunge Benefits.

How to prepare for an ice bath

So you're ready to take the next step in your ice bath journey. You might be wondering, 'How long should you stay in an ice bath?' or 'How cold is an ice bath?' There’s more to ice baths than just filling your tub up with ice and water. For those using an at-home ice bath (as opposed to a cold plunge in a gym, spa, resort, or other wellness center), set yourself up for an enjoyable and successful experience with these preparations:

Taking your first ice bath at home

1. Prepare mentally and physically with a very cold shower. Pay attention to how your body responds, practice breathing, and notice what happens in your mind.
2. Decide what temperature you want to start with. Consider your current cold tolerance — your cold shower can help you gauge this. Keep in mind that it’s completely okay to start around 60°F and work your way down later.
3. Decide how long you want to stay in. Again, your cold shower will help you understand how long you might want to stay in at first. It’s also okay to start at 30 seconds to 1 minute and work your way up to 2 to 10 minutes.
4. Learn a few breathing techniques. Breathing techniques are generally beneficial in multiple areas of life, but can be very useful when your body is getting used to the sensation of cold plunging. For more information, you can reference our article on breathing techniques for before, during, and after your ice bath session.

What supplies do you need for an ice bath?

THE TUB

• For a DIY ice bath in your bathtub you’ll need:
• A tub or container
• A thermometer
• 1-3 bags of ice
• If you’re using a stand-alone tub without a faucet, you’ll also need a hose
• If you’re using a Plunge tub, you’ll just need your tub and a hose. Our tubs quickly adjust the temperature of the water for you, so you don’t need to buy and haul around bags of ice on a daily basis.

OTHER SUPPLIES

• Ice bath clothing: What you wear into your ice bath is up to you. We recommend that people new to ice baths wear a T-shirt and shorts, but some people choose to wear a sweatshirt, booties, and gloves. Most experienced ice bathers wear at least a bathing suit.
• A timer: Keep this within reach.
• A towel: Having a towel immediately at hand makes your post-plunge experience much more enjoyable.
• Post-plunge clothing: Like the towel, having a long-sleeve shirt, some pants, and socks nearby will smooth your transition out of your ice bath.
• A chair, step stool, and/or non-slip mat: Depending on your setup, it may be helpful to have these items near your tub. The chair and step stool can help you get in and out of your tub (and serve as a nice place to put your timer), and the non-slip mat can help you feel more secure as you get out of the cold water.

How to take an ice bath at home

After you take the steps above to prepare, now it's time to set up and take your ice bath. You might even wonder, 'Can you cold plunge twice a day?' Let's dive in.

3. Consider eating a snack

While ice bathing can help boost energy levels in the long term, the experience can initially be tiring, particularly at first. If you’re feeling a little worn out after your ice bath, don’t hesitate to go grab a healthy snack!

More considerations and ice bath FAQs

1. How long should you stay in an ice bath?

Here at Plunge, we recommend staying in your ice bath for 2-10 minutes, but some people recommend a duration of 10 to 15 minutes.

2. How cold is an ice bath?

Most DIY at-home ice baths run between 50°F-60°F (roughly 10°C-20°C). This is a good temperature to start at if you’re new to cold plunges. The Plunge tub has a range of 39°F-60°F so you can work down to lower temperatures over time.

3. What is the best time to take an ice bath?

You can take an ice bath at any time of day, but most people either take them in the morning, to start their day off right, or after a workout, to help with recovery. You can learn more in our article on when to take an ice bath.

4. Is ice bathing safe?

Yes, ice bathing is considered safe for most people. However, as with most things in life, some safety considerations will minimize potential risks during the ice bathing process. 

• Consult with your primary care provider before starting an ice bath routine
• Start your cold plunge at a temperature you’re comfortable with that’s not too cold. You can work your way down later to the 50°F to 39°F range.
• If you're a beginner, limit your time in the ice bath to between 30 seconds and 5 minutes, then work your way up.
• If you feel dizzy, are extremely uncomfortable, start excessively shivering, or otherwise feel unwell during your ice bath, get out slowly but immediately.
• To avoid cold injuries, including hypothermia and frostbite, do not stay in your cold plunge for longer than the suggested timeframe, and do not attempt to lower the temperature of your water below 39°F.
• Keep a non-slip mat, chair, or other supports right outside your tub.
• Always get in and out of your ice bath slowly.
• If you’ve been cleared by your doctor to use an ice bath but are still nervous, don’t hesitate to ask a friend or partner to be nearby.

5. Do ice baths work? And are ice baths good for you?

Yes, ice baths have been found to provide a variety of health benefits. For more information, read the research and benefits sections above, or visit our Ice Bath Benefits page. 

6. Should athletes take ice baths?

Ice baths are an exciting new tool for athletes looking to reduce recovery time and invigorate their workout routine. The following resources provide more in-depth information:

• Why Do Athletes Take Ice Baths?
• Ice Bath Tips for Athletes
• Why Runners Should Ice Bath
• Reducing Muscle Soreness & Maximizing Recovery
• Ice Baths for Inflammation

7. Do ice baths help you lose weight?

It is believed that ice baths can aid in weight loss through the process of cold thermogenesis. You can learn more about ice bathing for weight loss in the following resources:

• Can Ice Baths Help With Weight Loss?
• The Science Behind Ice Baths and Weight Loss
• Plunge weight loss protocol ft. Dr. Andrew Huberman of The Huberman Lab Podcast

8. Will ice bathing give you a cold or hypothermia?

No, when standard best practices and safety tips are being followed, ice bathing will not give you a cold or induce hypothermia.

9. Can you cold plunge twice a day?

In theory, yes, but it isn’t necessary. Most people aim to take an ice bath 3-4 times a week.

10. What are the alternatives to ice baths?

There are several alternatives to ice baths as well as practices you can do in tandem with ice bathing. These include:

• Cold showers: A cold shower is an accessible alternative to ice baths. However, it does come with significant limitations. The temperature range in showers is typically limited (around 55°F). It’s also not possible to submerge your body in the water while showering. You would need to shower longer to experience the same benefits of a cold plunge, and the benefits would also be less pronounced.
• Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves full-body exposure to freezing cold air (as low as -230°F) while sitting in a booth for a short amount of time. Cryotherapy comes in different forms including medical, non-medical, full-body, and localized. However, this is limited to certain spaces that have cryo chambers (such as a doctor’s office or sports medicine room), making it less accessible.
• Contrast therapy: Contrast therapy, aka hot and cold therapy, combines the benefits of cold therapy (like an ice bath) and heat therapy. Hot and cold therapy is most commonly used to alleviate soft tissue pain or injuries caused by swelling, reduce loss of muscle strength, and decrease muscle damage.

Should I buy an ice bath?

Ice baths like those made by Plunge are practical alternatives to DIY ice baths. Investing in a Plunge ice bath:

• Saves you the hassle of having to buy, haul, store, and break down bags of ice on a daily basis.
• Makes it easier and faster to regulate the temperature of your ice bath.
• Allows you to keep the water in your ice bath for a longer period of time (instead of regularly having to drain it), with the help of our filtration system.

Ice baths are a health equipment investment like treadmills, weights, and more. And at Plunge, we offer affordable financing options, making the benefits of ice bathing even more accessible.

Take the Plunge

Now that you know how to take an ice bath from start to finish, it’s time to get your feet wet. Plunge tubs allow you to say goodbye to filling countless ice bags and ensure hassle-free cold plunges. All of our tubs include easy, plug-and-plunge functionality, power cooling, a 20-micron filter with constant circular filtration, and ozone sanitation.

Our individual and commercial variants are built to last, perfect for both indoor and outdoor spaces, available in multiple sizes, and can include both cold and hot functionalities, making it easy for you to build the best plunge routine for your needs.